What preposition is used in the sentence: she flew_______ range when I called her a fool?

The expression is "flew into a rage". idioms.thefreedictionary.com/fly+into+a+rage

An idiom is an expression that means something other than its literal definition. One does not actually fly into anything, but it is as if there were some physical thing called a rage, and a person flies into it the way a baseball flies into a crowd.

Other common idioms:
kick the bucket (die)
crack the door (open the door part way)
pop fly (baseball going very high but not very far)