What percent of 10 liters of seawater is salt?

Get a ruler in your hands. Measure things until you start to understand how a ruler works. Measure some stuff and figure out where the center is. Say you measure a book and it's 7/8" thick. You look at your ruler and see that every eighth is divided into two sixteenths, so obviously half of 7/8" is going to be 7/16". If you write that out you have 1/2 x 7/8 = 7/16. And you notice that 1/2 is divided into 2/4 and then into 4/8 and so on, so you can convert anything to anything by multiplying all the numbers on top and then all the numbers on bottom.

Other rulers are divided into 10 and 100 parts. But an inch is still an inch, so anything on one ruler can be translated to the other ruler. A half inch on one ruler is 5/10 or 50/100 on the other. An eighth inch is just 12.5 marks when you have 100 marks per inch. A metric ruler divides an inch into 25.4 parts, so a half inch would be 12.7 of those parts. Pretty simple, isn't it? Practice this a bit and people will think you went to wizard school.

Percent is simply a ruler with 100 marks. The only confusion is trying to keep track of what the marks represent, since that changes from time to time. If you sample a liter of water then percent means per hundredth of a liter. If you sample ten liters of water then percent means per tenth of a liter.

There are many ways to measure salinity because there are many types of salt. In any case, what you find depends on where you get the sample. Salinity might vary from near zero to 5%. For example, the Amazon river carries drinkable water forty miles into the Atlantic ocean. Here is a map of the variations, with ppt meaning "parts per thousand":
www.sciencelearn.org.nz/resources/686-ocean-salinity

You can go to google.com and search "saltiness of oceans" to get a lot more information.