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You do have a printed periodic table, right? You can get the information at www.chemicalelements.com/index.html but you really need your own printed copy to carry with you. It will be a primary reference for everything you do.
There is a diagonal line, B-C, Si-P, Ge-As, Sb-Te, and Po-At. Elements to the left of the line are metals, meaning they lose an electron easily, elements to the right of the line are non-metals, and elements on the line are semiconductors.
Atomic mass of carbon is 12.011 and of sodium is 22.989768. Atomic mass does not imply grams or any other unit, it is a relative number. So if you want to use grams, you write 12g/12.011 = Xg/22.989768 and crank out the arithmetic. You absolutely have to be perfectly prepared in arithmetic to do well in this subject.
Get a ruler in your hands. Measure things until you start to understand how a ruler works. Measure some stuff and figure out where the center is. Say you measure a book and it's 7/8" thick. You look at your ruler and see that every eighth is divided into two sixteenths, so obviously half of 7/8" is going to be 7/16". If you write that out you have 1/2 x 7/8 = 7/16. And you notice that 1/2 is divided into 2/4 and then into 4/8 and so on, so you can convert anything to anything by multiplying all the numbers on top and then all the numbers on bottom.
Other rulers are divided into 10 and 100 parts. But an inch is still an inch, so anything on one ruler can be translated to the other ruler. A half inch on one ruler is 5/10 or 50/100 on the other. An eighth inch is just 12.5 marks when you have 100 marks per inch. A metric ruler divides an inch into 25.4 parts, so a half inch would be 12.7 of those parts. Pretty simple, isn't it? Practice this a bit and people will think you went to wizard school.