What does it mean to learn?

To learn means a measurable change in behavior. People might say something like "learn to draw a perfect circle by hand", but that is not learning. That is conditioning.

In a proper learning scenario the objective is stated in a measurable fashion, such as "Given any two values for voltage, current and resistance, the student will calculate the third value." The lesson plan will then give words to the act of teaching that principle, and the test will have a question for the student to demonstrate learning.

This comes from military technical school. Public schools are clueless.