What are universal values and how are they helpful for sorting out how to act in global economy?

Economics is not the same as politics, but they are intimately associated, so you probably will only get political answers to this. For instance, they have a special flavor of economics called "Keynesian", specifically invented to justify tax-and-spend policies. Once the politicians get control of something, the only universal values are to maintain their power and to get re-elected. If you want plain language information about economics in reality, read the free materials at mises.org