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Alchemy is the science of mixing substances. Chemistry is the science of measuring substances. Chemistry was invented by a French guy, Antoine Lavoisier. Shortly after getting his degree in alchemy he took on a famous unsolved problem: "When a glass of water dries, no matter how pure the water was, it always leaves a white residue. Why?" M. Lavoisier did something nobody before him had thought to do: he weighed everything. His results allowed him to pronounce that the white residue was glass, apparently dissolved in the water and precipitated as a powder. He wrote a book, "Elements Of Chemistry", which you can still buy at any book store. It's about ten bux at amazon.com or the Kindle version is free. (Kindle for pc is also free.)