Explain how management accountant may particiate in the re-evaluation of business's roles?

I wrote this essay as an extra practice before exams and my lecturer is away so he cant mark for me. I'm not sure if I'm answering to the question or am i even relevant. Any comments would be greatly appreciated.

Traditional accounting that encompasses traditional view on business’s roles and responsibility are not going to be sustainable for the environment. Hence, a transition to sustainable industrial development has increasingly been popular with corporation with an increase in environmental awareness from the industries and society. In this essay, we will look at how management accountant may participate in the re-evaluation of business’s roles and responsibilities during the transition to sustainable industrial development.
To begin, in this essay, sustainable development is defined according to Brundtland definition; the development that meet the current needs without undermining the future generation’s ability to meet their own needs.
Environmental Management Accounting (EMA) is a technique to sustainable development. Traditionally, accountants view businesses and environments as 2 separate entities which resulted in market derived cost only. This perception leads to the ignorance of the product cost of impact on the environments. With an increased awareness of the environment in the industries and societies, businesses are concerned with the environment, with that accountants view businesses and environment as inter-related such that every business operational activities takes into account how it will affect the environment. A notional cost is usually associated to negative environmental impact that resulted from the production of products or services.
In EMA, 2 sub technique is available, namely, the Full Cost Accounting (FCA) or Mass Balances. FCA is when it takes into account not only the environmental and economic cost but also the material and energy flow of information for decision making, process and control. For FCA, management accountants do not have to change existing accounting tools to account for FCA as it fits easily with existing accounting methods and tools. In addition, it is easy for management accountants to communicate the cost with management and shareholders. In the long run, it is the shareholders and managements that make the decision for the company; hence it is important for them to understand FCA.
Mass Balances on the other hand focuses more on the material and energy flowing in and out of the company. By tracking these costs, management accountants are able to recycle the material and energy before it eventually leaves the company. This will allow the company to minimize wastages which leads to sustainable development as there are lesser wastages. Mass balances is a good method as it ensures shareholders wealth maximization as well as ensuring a sustainable environment.
Another way for management accountants to participate in the re-evaluation is through the implementation of corporate social responsibility (CSR). CSR is the act of business that is responsible for it actions towards the society and environment and does not focus solely on profit. For example: A tobacco company is socially responsible for the smokers, hence if CSR is implemented, the company will cut down on advertisements to discourage smoking.
A plastic manufacturer on the other hand is environmentally responsible for the environment; hence it should carefully dispose of its toxic waste to prevent harming the environment.

CSR is not philanthropy as a general notion of a philanthropic corporation is the act of good for publicity. Management accountants can participate in CSR by using environmental and social accounting (ESA). ESA challenges traditional accounting views especially financial accounting. Financial accounting looks only at the economic cost of products and services hence it projects an untrue image of how the society and business interacts.
ESA allows for sustainable development as corporation is concern on how their actions affects the external environment and what are their responsibilities in keeping the environment sustainable. This will eventually lead to CSR in which corporations are responsible for their actions.
All in all, I believe that using ESA to implement CSR is not ideal for management accountants to use in the re-evaluation of business’s roles and responsibilities as corporation would want to maximize shareholders’ wealth. Thus, a conflict will arise; to maximize shareholder’s wealth and be unsustainable or be sustainable and sacrificing shareholder’s wealth?
In conclusion, management accountants can participate in the re-evaluation of business’s roles and responsibilities during the transition to sustainable development by employing EMA or CSR. This is because both methods focuses more on the product/services cost of environmental impact and not the traditional cost of product/services that focuses solely on the market derived cost.