Does a us citizen need to renew their passport to enter the united states from anther country?

Yes, you do. You need a valid passport to travel into and out of almost any country (EU citizens of countries countries under the Schengen agreement are exempt of course) .You can, as a USA citizen get your passport renewed while abroad and it is a relatively easy process provided you have some other form of identification. If your only ID while abroad is your passport and it is invalid it may be more difficult in regards to time and cost.