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Edge computing:- a decentralized computing infrastructure whereby a range of networks and devices are at or near the user. Edge is about processing data closer to where it’s being generated, enabling processing at greater speeds and volumes, leading to greater action-led results in real-time.
Fog computing:- a decentralized computing infrastructure or process in which computing resources are located between the data source and the cloud or any other data center. Fog computing is a paradigm that provides services to user requests at the edge networks. The devices at the fog layer usually perform operations related to networking such as routers, gateways, bridges, and hubs.
Pervasive computing:- the presence of computers in common objects found all around us so that people are unaware of their presence. All these devices communicate with each other over wireless networks without the interaction of the user. through various devices in various settings around the clock. This means that most people now use different devices, such as smartphones and devices, to access, share, upload, and post information via technology platforms and solutions. A combination of technologies is used to make pervasive computing possible, such as digital communication technology, microelectronic technology, internet standardization capabilities, voice recognition, networking, artificial intelligence, and wireless computing.
Grid computing:-uses distributed computing architecture whereby computers work together from afar in a collaborative pattern to handle heavy-duty processing needs. Accordingly, a network of homogeneous or heterogeneous computers works together over a long distance to perform a task such as developing tasks for video-game designers, that would rather be difficult for a single machine. The users do not pay to use it, they only pay for the set-up cost. It runs on software and standards that keep the data easily shareable across the grid.
Cluster computing:- a local network of two or more homogeneous computers (Homogenous-meaning they should have the same type of hardware and operating system) or devices that work together as a single system.
These computing technologies differ in their design and purpose but often complement each other. The main difference between fog, pervasive, cluster, grid, and edge computing is where, when, and how data from endpoint devices are processed and stored.
You can create a table to highlight the differences in terms of architecture, resources, payability, accessibility, flexibility, distance, scalability, latency, security, speed, communication mode, data analysis, computing power, interoperability, and working environment, etc.